
The so-called bar, is refers to the longitudinal (length direction) size than the transverse (perpendicular to the length direction) size is much larger component.
The member such as beam, column in the building is abstracted commonly for rod.
The shape and size of the bar can be described by its cross section and axis. The cross section is the section perpendicular to the length of the bar, and the axis is the line connecting the center of the cross section. The cross section is perpendicular to the axis of the bar.
The axis is a straight line, cross - section of the same as the bar known as a straight section. Building mechanics and material mechanics mainly study the straight bar with equal section. The size of the cross section along the axis of the change of the bar is called variable section of the bar.

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